Seismicity of egypt pdf files

Induced seismicity potential in energy technologies conducted by the national research councils committee on induced seismicity potential in energy technologies sponsor department of energy overseen by the board on earth sciences and resources and its. Abou elenean a,b a national research institute of astronomy and geophysics, egypt b north africa group for earthquake and tsunami studies, ictpoea net40, italy c earthquake monitoring center, sultan qaboos university, oman received 22 may 2012. The area around sinai peninsula including gulf of aqaba, gulf of suez, and northern red sea is considered as the most active seismic region due to its complicated geologic structures. Seismicity of sinai peninsula and its surroundings from 1900 to 2008. It is located within one of the most seismically active regions in the world, the san andreas fault system, which marks the tectonic boundary between the. The seismicity data were compiled from the egyptian national seismological network database during the period from 2004 to 2011 in. The 1955 alexandria earthquake occurred on september 12 at 06.

The time distribution of these earthquakes shows that, only seven earthquakes have been reported in the period before christ bc. Increased land subsidence and sealevel rise are submerging egypts nile delta coastal margin abstract egypts nile delta, only 1 m above mean sea level at the mediterranean coast, is subject to uneven rates of submergence. The seismotectonic sitting of egypt suggests that large earthquakes are possible particularly. Increased land subsidence and sealevel rise are submerging. Egypt imports 44 percent of its cereals during the 20092011 period but exports cotton and citrus. Pdf earthquakes represent a major natural hazard, potentially resulting in loss of life and economic loss. Fisher unwin adelphi terrace published in 1907 edition limited to five hundred copies author of a book of the beginnings and the natural genesis it mav have been a. Seismic hazard analysis for archaeological structures a case. The seismicity of egypt, arabia and the red sea by n. Induced seismicity potential in energy technologies. The territory of egypt is characterized by a moderate seismic activity and by the occurrence of small to moderate intraplate events, while the large events generally take place farther east, along the northern red sea or. Aug 22, 20 the historical earthquakes that have been felt in egypt were compiled from arabic documents and earlier earthquake catalogues.

Egyptian national seismological network ensn and its roles. The seismicity of egypt, arabia, and the red sea deepdyve. The uniform hazard spectra uhs for cairo and alexandria were also estimated. Threedimensional seismic attenuation tomography of egypt. Food represents 37 percent of egypt s imports during the same period fao, 2015a. Haroun the american university in cairo, egypt abstract the use of the reducedforceamplifieddisplacement method in seismic design provisions, has served the practice well with the benefits of simplicity and smaller resulting crosssections. Prevalence of undernourishment remains below or close to 5 percent since 1990 in egypt fao, 2015b. Analysis of aeromagnetic data for interpretation of seismicity at fayoumcairo area, egypt an aeromagnetic reconnaissance study is presented to delineate the subsurface structure and tectonic setting at the fayoumcairo district, which experienced a damaging earthquake on october 12, 1992 of magnitude m 5. All earthquakes occur t a shallow depth and are concentrated at four seismic zones, these zones including the gulfs of suez and aqaba. Seismicity of egypt seismological research letters. In addition, uniform hazard spectra for cairo and alexandria were calculated at 25 spectral periods and graphed. Scatec solar environmental and social impact assessment for upper egypt solar power sae 50 mwac in benban, aswan prepared by. The program for this workshop is presented in annex b.

This was done on the basis of existing seismological data. Density structure and isostasy of the lithosphere in egypt. Sources of egyptian law include the constitution, legislation, custom and practice. Egypt on the ancient hebrews, mesopotamians, and syrians, and on classical greece and rome.

The earthquake caused 18 deaths and 89 injuries, with 40 houses. A zoomed image of the northeastern part of the study area, which is seismically most active, is shown in the right. Algeria, austria, cyprus, egypt, france, iran, israel, italy, jordan, kuwait. The present study is focus on studying the seismic hazard of egypt.

Instead, prior catalogs must be used to forecast future rates. The study of earthquake activity and seismic hazard assessment of egypt is very. The worldwideweb is replete with links to egyptological resources, and there are many pages of bibliography out there, of which the prime example is the online egyptological bibliography. Emsc european mediterranean seismological centre provides real time earthquake information for seismic events with magnitude larger than 5 in the european mediterranean area and larger than 7 in the rest of the world.

Today, however, the regime has left behind it multiple political and social cleavages as a heritage that will not be easy to overcome. Though united, egypt in archaic times remained in many ways two lands. Egypt has been a leading player in the history of islam, at times as its political leader, usually as a trading entrepot, and almost always as a religious and cultural center. The territory of egypt is characterized by a moderate. In this way, the spatial epicentral map and the temporal earthquake catalogue distribution of events provide a sufficient basis for modeling the seismicity of south egypt, i.

Electrical structure of the tectonically active kalabsha fault, aswan, egypt mahmoud mekkawi a, pierreandre. Egypt s vision 2030 and planning reform nihal elmegharbel, phd deputy to the minister of planning, monitoring and administrative reform integrated approaches to sustainable development planning and implementation new york may 27, 2105. Seismicity and seismotectonics of jeddahmakkah region, westcentral saudi arabia 747 figure 1. Cambridge university press 0521020255 the seismicity of egypt, arabia and the red sea. Seismicity and geologic structures indubitable in wadi hagul. Seismicity of the kalabsha and rawraw faults the 19822003 earthquake catalogue of the lake aswan contains more than 4888 events with magnitude ranging from 1 to 5. Record the answers to the following questions in your notebook. Despite aforementioned,this region has not been studied in terms of earthquake activities and their relation to the prevailing faults through the region. Egyptian national seismic network ensn and the the northern part of egypt plays an important role in both strong motion network have been installed to cover the historical and recent seismicity. The cambridge history of egypt attempts to fill a gap in englishlanguage treatment of egyptian history since the arab conquest. Seismic active zones and mechanism of earthquakes in northern. Seismic hazard assessments at islamic cairo, egypt. Evaluation of the egyptian seismic code approach to estimation of lateral drift s. Earthquakes represent a major natural hazard, potentially resulting in loss of life and economic loss.

Egypt, arabia, the red sea region and the surrounding areas of libya, sudan and ethiopia are studied from the earliest times to the present day. Until mid20, no policy approach proved capable of overcoming the causes of the countrys crisis. An updated seismic source model for egypt intechopen. In egypt, after the occurrence of cairo earthquake, in 1992, the earthquake activity has been observed in various regions. The effects of these nearby seismic sources, in addition to other seismic sources in egypt and its surroundings, are considered in the processes of seismic hazard analysis in the present work. Seismicity and seismotectonics of jeddahmakkah region, west. It presents seismic hazard maps for egypt for 475 and 2475 years return periods for different spectral acceleration values, in case of rock sites conditions. Existing technology does not allow direct prediction of future earthquakes, however. Hydraulic fracturing and seismicity in the western canada. Causes and effects of induced seismicity associated with energy applications must be placed on a solid scientific basis for. Copy of the silver tablet, which the great chief of kheta, khetasar xtasara caused to be brought to pharaoh, by the hand of his messenger, terteseb taratysbw, and his messenger, ramose, to crave peace from the majesty of ramses ii, the bull of rulers. List of egyptology books and articles online institute of. Hydraulic fracturing and seismicity in the western canada sedimentary basin by gail m. Up to the end of the ninth century the secular number of.

The light of the world a work of reclamation and restitution in twelve books by gerald massey london t. Up to the end of the ninth century the secular number of reported. The hazard parameter determination is performed for two study areas. Optimizing energy applications convincing public and regulators that it is a viable safe energy resource. Egyptian national seismological network ensn and its.

The svrtc lies between the active san andreas fault to the west and the hayward and calaveras faults to the east. We also calculate the seismicity rate in several different ways to account for the fact that the seismicity rate may change with time for example, the higher seismicity rates in the san francisco bay area before 1927 than after, and perform simulations to evaluate the accuracy with which the seismicity rate averaged over the last 156 years. What do they tell you about egypts land and its people. Evaluation of current egyptian seismic code approach to. The engineering geology of cairo, egypt, is essentially influenced by the quaternary alluvial deposits of the river nile and the adjacent desert dry streams, as well as by the tertiary shallow marine carbonates of the ancient mediterranean sea and the terrestrial quartzitic sandstone. Geology of cairo, egypt environmental and engineering. Pdf the historical earthquakes that have been felt in egypt were compiled from arabic documents and earlier earthquake catalogues. Induced seismicity associated with energy applications issues. About 300 adobe houses were badly damaged around lake idku. Pdf seismicity relocations around the sinai peninsula. Seismicity and focal mechanisms of earthquakes in egypt from 2004. An attempt to estimate seismic hazard in egypt using poisson probabilistic seismicity model was made by elsayed 1996 after the destructive earthquake of 1992 october 12.

Recent seismicity data clarify that, all inland seis mic activity in egypt lies conformable over the preex isting ew and wnwese or nwse faults. For people who live in regions affected by major earthquakes, hazardmitigation and riskmanagement decisions need to be made. Aboulela2 1geology department, faculty of science suez canal university, ismailia egypt 2marine science department, faculty of science suez canal university, ismailia egypt email. Seismicity of egypt based on the compiled earthquake catalog. Probabilistic seismic hazard maps for sinai peninsula, egypt. The seismicity of egypt has been studied by many authors e. Although egypt is an area of relatively low to moderate seismicity, it has experienced some damaging local shocks throughout its history, as well as the effects of larger earthquakes in the. The epicenter was located in the eastern mediterranean, offshore of alexandria, egypt. In the area you have selected egypt earthquake hazard is classified as medium according to the information that is currently available. Earthquakes and seismology mechanisms and locations seismic waves magnitude and distance seismic risk nov. Sinai subplate is the main factor behind the seismicity of northern part of egypt.

Although egypt is an area of relatively low to moderate seismicity, it has experienced some damaging local shocks throughout its history, as well as the effects of larger earthquakes in the hellenic arc and the eastern mediterranean area. Sectors of active extension occur from the indian ocean, west to botswana and the democratic republic of the congo drc. He wore the white crown of the south and the red crown of the north. Seismicity is the distribution of earthquakes in a given area and their characteristics within a particular region. Black dots, red triangles, and stars show the seismicity of egypt egyptian national seismological catalogue, ensn, 19982011.

In this area, the recent seismic activity for a period from 1997. Egyptian code seismic load design provisions for moment. Egypt ghana usa usa canada brazil brazil brazil greece france spain 103 105 75 140 148 317 205 128 111 4 236 221 108 4056 59 22 160 155 150 1962 1959 1991 1977 1971 1963 2005 1958 1964 1964 1967 1935 1975 197374 1976 1954 1965 1962 1960 1967 1962 1993 1983 1977 1972 2006 1963 1981 1964 1975 1939 1975 1974 1976 1972 1966 1963 1962 6. Electrical structure of the tectonically active kalabsha. Harmonized european standards for construction in egypt fundamental requirements compliance criteria design verifications. The east african rift system ears is a 3,000kmlong cenozoic age continental rift extending from the afar triple junction, between the horn of africa and the middle east, to western mozambique. Evaluation of the egyptian seismic code approach to. Use pdf download to do whatever you like with pdf files on the web and regain control. From table 1 it is noticed that the magnitude of the base shear described by the egyptian code increases radically for the same structure through the different seismic zones, for the 2 storey and the 3 storey frame the base shear gradually increase from seismic zone 1 low seismicity to zone 5b higher seismicity as shown in fig. Most of these events are concentrated along the kalabsha fault zone and rawraw trend fig. National research institute of astronomy and geophysics, helwan, egypt.

Taherhistorical seismicity in the near and middle east, north africa, and spain from arabic documents viithxviith century. How does one assess hazard risk and economic risk investors want to know regulators want to know seismicity related to injection cannot be assessed the same as natural seismicity scale and distance of influence. Abou elenean a,b a national research institute of astronomy and geophysics, egypt b north africa group for earthquake and tsunami studies, ictpoea net40, italy. Deterministic seismic hazard in egypt geophysical journal. About 83 earthquakes were found during the period from 2200bc to 1899ad. Analysis of aeromagnetic data for interpretation of seismicity at fayoumcairo area, egypt.

The sinai peninsula has a triangular shape between the african and arabian plates and is bounded from the western and eastern borders by the gulf of suez. Regional tectonics and seismicity egypt is located in the southeastern part of the mediterranean sea, and represents a subordinate part of the eastern mediter ranean region. The first area, gulf of suez, has higher seismicity level than the second, all other active zones in egypt. Ultimate limit state simplified checks for low seismicity cases ag of en 1998 for very low seismicity cases ag seismicity and hazard assessment in the mediterranean region. The present study is considered as the complement and extension of. Seismicity and geologic structures indubitable in wadi hagul, north eastern desert, egypt tarek a. This means that there is a 10% chance of potentiallydamaging earthquake shaking in your project area in the next 50 years. There is a clear correlation between the principal areas of current geothermal development 26,27 and the seismically ac tive boundaries of the moving segments of lithosphere. Seismicity and focal mechanisms of earthquakes in egypt. The light of the world by gerald massey ancient egypt. Seventysix 76 participants from the following countries attended the lisbon2009 workshop.

This was not the only destructive earthquake in egypt. Harmonized european standards for construction in egypt. This is a response to several factors leading to increasing land lowering subsidence of the northern delta and. Seismicity 101 seismicity natural or induced is the shaking of the earth due to a slip on a fault caused by the release of stored elastic stress seismicity can be induced or triggered when changes in stress or pore pressure promote a slip most all seismicity is too small to be measured or felt by humans and does not cause damage to manmade structures. This study is devoted to the analysis of aeromagnetic data for seismicity interpretation at dahshour area, egypt, in order to detect major structural elements on subsurface which affect both, the sedimentary section and the underlying basement complex.

Seismogenic zones such as the red sea, gulf of aqabadead sea hellenic arc, suezcairoalexandria, easternmediterraneancairofaiyoum and the egyptian costal area are located in the vicinity of this city. Each earthquake is described as fully as possible from the available data, and is analysed in a geographical and historical context. Although egypt is an area of relatively low to moderate seismicity, it has. The constitution provides the salient legal principles that parliament should observe while passing any legislation. Eaton, hadi ghofrani, dan walker, burns cheadle, ryan schultz, robert shcherbakov, kristy tiampo. These decisions must be based on forecasts of future earthquake rates. The pharaoh was the king of upper and lower egypt, and his title remained so throughout the dynastic period. This file is printed, checked manually, and corrected and the duplicated events are removed. Web to pdf convert any web pages to highquality pdf files. Middle east, north africa, and spain from arabic documents.

The earthquake activity and the state of stress in and around egypt will provide an opportunity to evaluate the seismic hazard. While the detailed study of aswan zone showed 8 distinct subseismic zones and that the activity is. Construction of a seismicity map according to the seismicity level in the upper egypt showed 14 seismic zones and that the seismic activity is intense around the strait of the gulf of suez, along the red sea axis, abu dabbab and aswan area. For both the early and the recent instrumental periods, the information has been assembled from computer files stored at the world data. Thin black and red lines are the surface and quaternary faults dotted where concealed after the egyptian geological survey of egypt 1981. The seismic activity of egypt is due to the interaction and the relative motion between. This study focuses on egypts capital, greater cairo, which can be defined as. Ahmed khalil 1,2, mostafa toni 3, awad hassoup 1 and khamis mansour 1,2. Pdf seismicity and seismic hazard in alexandria egypt.

From the damage reported, such an event may be termed as the most damaging earthquake in egypt s recent history. The historical earthquakes that have been felt in egypt were compiled from arabic documents and earlier earthquake catalogues. Ancient egypt clil 1 the pharaoh look at the egypt map and at tutankhamens tomb plan. Seismicity and geologic structures indubitable in wadi. Because of the large areal extent of the reservoir, the long history of depletion, and the available data sets which exist as a result of consequences and public unrest caused by induced seismicity, the. The key basis of earthquake hazard analysis is thus, in a broad sense, the analysis of seismicity bolt, 1978. Given the long and continuing outside interest in egypt, that such a treatment is overdue seems surprising. Seismicity and seismic hazard in alexandria egypt and its surroundings article pdf available in pure and applied geophysics 1615.